Usually, you begin by seeing your family doctor (GP). They will ask for a sample of your urine, and may also take a blood sample for testing. Depending on the results of these tests, your GP will refer you to a hospital for expert advice and treatment.

If you have blood in your urine (haematuria) you may be referred to a ‘one stop’ haematuria clinic. At this kind of clinic, all the tests needed to make a diagnosis can often be carried out at the same time and you can go home the same day. You may be asked not to eat or drink anything for up to eight hours before your appointment.