Watchful waiting means that your doctors will keep a close eye on you to see if the cancer is growing significantly. You will usually have blood tests every 1-3 months to monitor your PSA levels, frequent digital rectal examinations, and will be asked if you have developed any new symptoms. You may also have prostate biopsies every one or two years.

If these regular tests show that the cancer is starting to grow, or if you develop more symptoms, your doctors will then discuss treatment options intended to control the cancer and improve the symptoms, such as hormone therapy. If your cancer is not growing or developing, it is safe to continue with watchful waiting.